2. Board composition
2.1 Size and composition of the Board
The By-laws provide that the size of the Board shall be determined from time to time by resolution adopted by the Board. The preference is to maintain a smaller Board for the sake of efficiency. A substantial majority of directors will be independent directors under the New York Stock Exchange's independence standards.
2.2 Definition of independence
Independence determinations. The Board may determine a director to be independent if the Board has affirmatively determined that the director has no material relationship with the Firm, either directly or as a partner, shareholder or officer of an organization that has a relationship with the Firm. Independence determinations will be made on an annual basis at the time the Board approves director nominees for inclusion in the proxy statement and, if a director joins the Board between annual meetings, at such time. 每名董事应将任何可能影响其独立性的情况变化通知董事会. If so notified, the Board will reevaluate, as promptly as practicable thereafter, such director's independence. For these purposes, a director will not be deemed independent if:
(i) the director is, or has been within the last three years, an employee of the Firm or an immediate family member of the director is, or has been within the last three years, an executive officer of the Firm; (ii) the director or an immediate family member of the director has received, during any 12-month period within the last three years, more than $120,000 in direct compensation from the Firm, other than (a) director and committee fees and pension or other deferred compensation for prior service (provided that such compensation is not contingent in any way on continued service) and (b) compensation received by a family member for service as a non-executive employee of the Firm; (iii) the director is a current partner or employee of the Firm's independent registered public accounting firm, 董事的直系亲属是该会计师事务所的现任合伙人,或该会计师事务所的现任雇员,并亲自负责该会计师事务所的审计工作, or the director or an immediate family member of the director was within the last three years (but is no longer) a partner or employee of such accounting firm and personally worked on the Firm's audit within that time; or (iv) the director or an immediate family member of the director is, or has been within the last three years, 被聘为公司的执行官,而该公司的现任执行官同时在该公司董事会的薪酬委员会任职或担任该公司的薪酬委员会成员.
An "immediate family member" includes a person's spouse, parents, children, siblings, mothers and fathers-in-law, sons and daughters-in-law, brothers and sisters-in-law, and anyone (other than domestic employees) who shares such person's home.
Relationship to an entity. 在确定董事独立性时,如果董事担任该实体的高级管理人员,则公司与实体之间的关系将被考虑在内, in the case of a for-profit entity, where the director is a general partner of or owns more than 5% of the entity. 除非董事会另有决定,否则此类关系不会被视为与非管理董事或实体退休人员的董事的独立性相关.
Where a director is an officer of an entity that is a client of the Firm, whether as borrower, trading counterparty or otherwise, the financial relationship between the Firm and the entity will not be deemed material to a director's independence if the relationship was entered into in the ordinary course of business of the Firm and on terms substantially similar to those that would be offered to comparable counterparties in similar circumstances.
A director who is an employee, or whose immediate family member is an executive officer, of another company that makes payments to or receives payments from the Firm for property or services in an amount which, in any single fiscal year, 超过100万美元或该其他公司合并总收入的2%的较大者,在低于该门槛三年后才被视为独立.
For these purposes, payments exclude loans and repayments of principal on loans, payments arising from investments by the entity in the Firm's securities or the Firm in the entity's securities, and payments from trading and other similar financial relationships.
Where a director is a partner or associate of, or Of Counsel to, a law firm that provides services to the Firm, the relationship will not be deemed material if neither the director nor an immediate family member of the director provides such services to the Firm and the payments from the Firm do not exceed the greater of $1 million or 2% of the law firm's consolidated gross revenues in each of the past three years.
Not-for-profit entities. The Firm encourages contributions by employees to not-for-profit entities and matches such contributions by eligible employees to eligible institutions within certain limits by grants made by the Firm (directly or through The JPMorgan Chase Foundation). The Firm also supports not-for-profit entities through grants and other support unrelated to the Matching Gift Program. Where a director is an officer of a not-for-profit entity, contributions by the Firm will not be deemed material if, excluding matching funds from the Firm, they do not exceed the greater of $1 million or 2% of the not-for-profit entity's consolidated gross revenues.
Banking and other financial services. The Firm provides banking services, extensions of credit and other financial services in the ordinary course of its business. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act prohibits loans to directors, as well as executive officers, 但在正常业务过程中的某些贷款和受联邦储备系统理事会第O条约束的受保险存款机构的贷款除外. Any loans to directors are made pursuant to applicable law, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and Regulation O. Regulation O also applies to banking relationships with certain family members of a director and to entities owned or controlled by a director. All such relationships that are in the ordinary course of business will not be deemed material for director independence determinations unless a director has an extension of credit that is on a non-accrual basis. Where a subsidiary of the Firm is an underwriter in an initial public offering, the Firm will not allocate any of such shares to directors.
2.3 Former officer-directors
As a general rule, an officer-director may not serve on the Board beyond the date he or she retires or resigns as a full-time officer.
2.4 Change of job responsibility
A director will offer his or her resignation following the loss of principal occupation other than through normal retirement. Directors will provide prior notice in writing to the Corporate Governance & Nominating Committee of any change in their occupation or any proposed service on the board of a public or private company or any governmental position.
2.5 Director tenure
董事会认为,对董事的任期设置固定的限制是不合适的,因为公司和董事会将因此失去经验和知识.
2.6 Retirement age
A non-management director will offer not to stand for re-election -- such offer to be communicated to the Board Chair (or, in the case of an offer by the Chair, by communication to the Chair of the Corporate Governance & 提名委员会)不迟于年度会议前三个月-在董事年满75岁的一年之后的每个日历年. The Chair (or, as the case may be, the Chair of the Corporate Governance & Nominating Committee) will refer the offer to the Corporate Governance & Nominating Committee for review. The Corporate Governance & Nominating Committee will make a recommendation to the Board for its consideration, and the Board will determine whether or not to accept the offer. (The director making the offer will not participate in the Corporate Governance & Nominating Committee or Board deliberations.)
审计委员会认识到,在过去几十年中,美国和其他地方的平均预期寿命和退休年龄有了大幅度的提高, and that with age often comes unmatched wisdom, experience and judgment. Accordingly, the Board believes that directors may make very meaningful contributions to the Board and the Firm well beyond age 75 and expects that it will in many cases determine to reject offers from directors age 75 or older not to stand for re-election. Indeed, it is the Board’s strong view that, while Board refreshment is an important consideration in the Board’s assessment of its composition, the best interests of the Firm are served by its being able to take advantage of all available talent, and that the Board should not make determinations with regard to its membership solely on the basis of age.
2.7 Limits on board and audit committee memberships
Each person serving as a director must devote the time and attention necessary to fulfill the obligations of a director. Key obligations include appropriate attendance at Board and committee meetings and appropriate review of preparatory material. Directors are also expected to attend the annual meeting of shareholders. Unless the Board determines that the carrying out of a director's responsibilities to the Firm will not be adversely affected by the director's other directorships: an officer-director will not serve on the board of more than two other public companies; directors who also serve as chief executive officers will not serve on more than a total of two public company boards in addition to the company of which they are CEO and the Firm; and directors who are not chief executive officers will not serve on more than four public company boards in addition to the Firm.
If a member of the Audit Committee wishes to serve on the audit committees of more than a total of three public companies, the Board must approve such additional service before the director accepts the additional position.
2.8 Majority voting for directors
The By-laws provide for majority voting for directors in non-contested elections. The vote required for election of a director by the stockholders shall, except in a contested election, be the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast in the election of a nominee at a meeting of stockholders. For this purpose, “多数投票”是指“赞成”某一董事选举的投票数超过“反对”该董事选举的投票数, with "abstentions" and "broker nonvotes" (or other shares of stock of the Firm similarly not entitled to vote on such election) not counted as votes cast either "for" or "against" that director's election.
In a contested election, 董事应由亲自出席或委托其代理人出席并有权投票的股东在股东大会上以多数票选举产生. 被提名的董事人数超过应由会议选举产生的董事人数的,视为有争议选举.
In any non-contested election of directors, 在任董事提名人,如所获反对票数大于赞成票数,应立即提出辞职, and the Board of Directors shall decide, through a process managed by the Corporate Governance & Nominating Committee, whether to accept the resignation at its next regularly scheduled Board meeting held not less than 45 days after such election. The Board's explanation of its decision shall be promptly disclosed through a public statement.
2.9 Information provided by directors
Every director, in connection with his or her election or reelection as a director, is required to provide documents and information with respect to the director to the Firm, including completion of the Firm’s annual director questionnaire and other documents and information as the Firm may reasonably request (as determined by the Firm in its sole discretion) (“Information”). If the Board determines that any director (a) provided Information with respect to the director to the Firm that was untrue in any material respect or omitted to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; or (b) committed a material violation or breach of any agreement, representation or warranty of such director; such director shall immediately tender his or her resignation, and the Board of Directors shall decide, through a process managed by the Corporate Governance & Nominating Committee, whether to accept the resignation.
2.10 Stock ownership requirements
It is generally desirable for non-executive directors to own a significant number of shares or share equivalents of the Firm’s stock, and for new directors to work toward that goal. All non-employee directors are required to own at least 3,000 shares of Common Stock or vested RSUs at all times during their tenure, with a transition period of one year for new directors. Directors also agree that for as long as they serve as directors of the Firm, they will retain all shares of the Firm's common stock purchased on the open market or received pursuant to their service as a Board member. 董事个人持有的股份不得存入保证金账户或以其他方式质押为抵押品,也不得对冲该等股份的经济风险. Any exceptions to the foregoing shall be discussed with the Corporate Governance & Nominating Committee.